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A Constraints Study, often undertaken prior to the application process, focuses on analysis and summary of existing documentation to evaluate the presence or likelihood of encountering cultural resources within the project area. A letter report of the findings can often be generated subsequent to a few days of research.
A Phase I records search and reconnaissance survey of the project area is typically the least expensive phase given the limited nature of the undertaking, i.e., resource identification and reporting only. Records can typically be accessed, evaluated, and summarized by an individual researcher over the course of a few days. The actual time necessary for the reconnaissance survey of the project area is directly correlated with the size of the parcel(s) to be inspected and the number of cultural resource sites recorded, as well as, terrain and vegetation constraints. Survey costs are estimated assuming one senior staff member, a crew of archaeological technicians, and associated vehicle fees. Additional fees associated with per diem based jobs, etc. may apply.
Phase II evaluation studies typically require a combination of hand- and machine-excavated trenches and test units. Hand-excavated units require a crew of two to three technicians per unit with a field director supervising and supporting field activities. Two to three days may be required per unit depending on depth and materials recovered. Cost of processing, analysis, and reporting is dependent on artifact density and variety. However, a reasonable estimate can be produced subsequent to site and document inspection.
Phase III data recovery programs are generally costly undertakings. An accurate estimate of costs requires detailed review of Phase II evaluation data and artifacts, as well as, frank discussions with lead agency reviewers with regard to appropriate sample size and analyses to be undertaken. However, a few key pieces of information allow for a working estimate to be approximated: archaeological site size or portion of the site to be directly impacted, sample size as determined through a research design and lead agency interactions (typically between 5 and 15 percent of the impact area), the depth of the deposit, the density and variety of artifacts, and the direction and extent of the analyses to be undertaken. In the most general terms, a cost per 1x1 meter unit of between $2500 and $5000 is often realized.
Archaeological Monitoring is often required to identify archaeological features during construction. Monitors are lead agency-approved field technicians specifically trained to quickly assess archaeological finds and interact directly or indirectly with construction and development staff. Monitors are billed at an hourly rate of $35 per hour with a minimum 4-hour day, vehicle fee, and 24 hours notice to appear.
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